Agrobiological and wine quality traits of Vitis vinifera cv. Merlot clones selected in Serbia
Abstract
Aims: The selection of cv. Merlot clones performed in the Grocka winegrowing region, Republic of Serbia, and the study of agrobiological and technological traits of three selected clones and Merlot standard.
Methods and results: The selection of clones was done using the method of individual clone selection in four phases over 15-20 years (Cindrić, 2003). O.I.V. methods were used in determining the most important agrobiological and economic-technological traits of grapes. The results of studied traits of grape and wine suggest that the quality of the clones surpassed the quality of the standard. Although the highest values for most of the studied traits were obtained for clone 025, there was no statistically significant difference between the clones. Indeed, the significant distinction between the clones was obtained for total polyphenol content (TPC) and total anthocyanin content (TAC) in wines: the wine of clone 025 had the highest TPC and TAC values. According to the tasting scores, wines of the clones may be classified as "quality wines with geographical indications".
Conclusion: The selected clones were characterised by good quality grapes and wines. Improved viticultural parameters, versus the mother vine, indicate the need for further research work on the chemistry of both grapes and wines, aiming to better understand the characteristics of the selected clones and their market potential. Significance and impact of the study: The development of new clones (namely 022, 025 and 029) of better quality than the mother vine will, in the long term, lead to the introduction of the best clone(s) in viticultural practices and production. Until today, the clonal selection of Merlot has not been done in the Republic of Serbia and there are no recognised clones.
Partie1
This working paper explores recent debates about teaching the Holocaust through literary representations written for and read by adolescents, asking how we can witness this event without idealizing or mythologizing victims and without necessarily ascribing coherent meaning to their experiences. Holocaust memoirs, such as the Diary of a Young Girl, by Anne Frank and Night by Elie Wiesel, are now being supplemented by more recent works that employ different narrative strategies and call for new forms of witnessing in classrooms and for new ways of reading the Holocaust. A final version of this paper was published in Vol 15, No 4, (2002) and is printed here with the permission of Christopher-Gordon Publishers, Inc.Partie2
In recent years there has been a resurgence of interest in how young adults can witness traumatic historical events, such as the Holocaust, through memoir and fiction (e.g., Baer, 2000; Britzman, 2000; Kertzer, 1999; Ozick, 2000; Russell, 1997). This critical work has begun to ask more difficult questions about how the Holocaust can be rendered for younger readers without mythologizing or idealizing its victims and without necessarily ascribing coherent meaning(s) to their experiences particularly when those victims came of age in the context of deportation and concentration camps during World War II. One site of this debate is a piece of literature most commonly read by adolescents during their middle or secondary school years -- The Diary of a Young Girl by Anne Frank.Figure 1. Study area in the Upper Green River Basin of Wyoming with diffusive sampling sites and well pad locations.

Natural gas wells active in 2011 in the Pinedale Anticline (grey) and the Jonah Field (black) developments are shown together with locations of diffusive sampling sites (blue and red as labeled).
Partie3
As Miep Geis, the woman who is credited with hiding the Franks and recovering the diary, has also noted, "Anne cannot and should not stand for the many individuals who were robbed of their lives" (cited by Mueller, 1988, p. 305). Cynthia Ozick, novelist and essayist, would agree. In her recent collection of essays, Quarrel and Quandary (2000), she writes: "... the diary itself, richly crammed through it is with incident and passion, cannot count as Anne Frank's story. A story may not be said to be a story if the end is missing. And because the end is missing, the story of Anne Frank in the fifty years since The Diary of a Young Girl was first published has been bowdlerized, distorted, transmuted, traduced, reduced; It has been infantilized, Americanized, homogenized, sentimentalized; falsified, kitschified, and, in fact, blatantly and arrogantly denied...A deeply truth-telling work has been turned into an instrument of partial truth, surrogate truth, or anti-truth...Almost every hand that has approached the diary with the well-meaning intention of publicizing it has contributed to the subversion of history" (pp. 77-78).Table 1. Overview of methodology quality assurance
Species | Analysis group | Accuracy | Detection limit |
---|---|---|---|
O | RTI Int. | 15% | 3 ppbv |
NO | RTI Int. | 20% | 0.3 ppbv |
BTEX | Air Toxics Inc. | 30% | 0.1 ppbv |
VOC | ERLAP | 20% | 0.1 ppbv |
First uncertainties in parentheses are either NIST, SIO, Empa or KRISS, followed by the second uncertainty for NOAA for the reported value in the comparison; expanded uncertainties at the approximate 95% confidence interval